Most recent 40 articles: PHYS.ORG - Earth
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Report: 1.5°C pathways can still be achieved while combining fairness and global climate protection - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 15) |
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Dec 15 · Global warming can still be limited to 1.5°C by 2100 while ensuring that the poor are not hit hardest by climate policies and climate impacts. This is achieved by immediately introducing broad carbon pricing together with re-distributive policies using carbon pricing revenues and further measures to reduce energy consumption, accelerate technological transitions, and transform the land sector. The results from multiple integrated assessment models (IAMs) show that a combination of producer and consumer-oriented measures can work together to rapidly reduce emissions. The comprehensive results on 1.5°C pathways in line with the Paris Agreement are synthesized in a report of the ... Read more ...
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'Living dead': Tunisian villages suffer drought, climate change - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 6) |
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Dec 6 · The only road that leads to the village is decrepit and hasn't been paved in decades, and residents say this only deepens their sense of isolation. Some villagers have felt pushed to move to urban areas or abroad. About 300,000 of Tunisia's 12 million people have no drinking water in their homes, according to the Tunisian Forum for Economic and Social Rights. Ounissa's cousin, Djamila Mazhoud, 60, said her son and two daughters had all left in search of better lives. "We educated our children so that when we grow old, they take care of us, but they couldn't," she said. "People are either unemployed or eaten by the fish in the sea," she added, using a common phrase for migrants who ... Read more ...
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November is the sixth straight month to set a heat record, scientists say - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 6) |
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Dec 6 · The 2015 Paris climate agreement set a goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial times over the long term and failing that at least 2 degrees (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit). Diplomats, scientists, activists and others meeting at the United Nations climate conference in Dubai for nearly two weeks are trying to find ways to limit warming to those levels, but the planet isn't cooperating. Scientists calculate with the promises countries around the world have made and the actions they have taken, Earth is on track to warm 2.7 to 2.9 degrees Celsius (4.9 to 5.2 degrees) above pre-industrial times. The northern autumn is also the hottest ... Read more ...
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Planet tipping points pose 'unprecedented' threat to humanity: report - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 6) |
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Dec 6 · AMOC collapsing was like spotting something that could cause that plane to "fall out of the sky", he said. But there's no way to redesign the Earth to make it safer. Co-author Manjana Milkoreit from the University of Oslo said that "our global governance system is inadequate to deal with the coming threats and implement the solutions urgently required." The authors called for tipping points to be included in the global stocktake being debated at the COP28 talks, as well as in national targets to combat climate change. They also urged more effort to push tipping points in the right direction, such as changing policies on energy, transport, food and green ammonia used for fertilizer. ... Read more ...
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A shipboard monitoring system is giving researchers much-needed measurements of Antarctic wind, waves and ice - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · The Southern Ocean is "the engine room" for the world's climate and weather system. Across its large expanses of uninterrupted water, winds pick up speed and waves gather energy. Strong winds and large waves fuel the exchange of heat and gas - including carbon dioxide - between the air and sea. As a result, the Southern Ocean has the capacity to store and release more heat than anywhere else on Earth. These processes change throughout the year, as wind speeds and water temperatures fluctuate. They are also influenced by the seasonal ice cycle, in which sea ice melts in austral (southern hemisphere) spring and summer and regrows in autumn and winter. The best place to study these ... Read more ...
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After a mild fire year, Southern California crews look ahead to 2024 - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · On a cool, cloudy morning one day last week, Albert Rivas approached a pile of dry wood in the Angeles National Forest and set it on fire. The pile roared to life, and within minutes, it was spewing flames at least 10 feet tall. Rivas, a firefighter with the United States Forest Service, paused briefly to admire his handiwork before aiming his gasoline- and diesel-filled drip torch at another pile nearby. By morning's end, he and more than a dozen other Forest Service firefighters had burned about 17 acres' worth of woody material around the Lower San Antonio Fire Station at the base of Mt. Baldy - a forest management feat they attributed to favorable weather and fuel conditions. ... Read more ...
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Climate change by numbers - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · The International Energy Agency said in September that growth in solar power and electric car sales were in line with a "pathway" needed to reach that goal. That would require global renewable energy capacity to triple by the end of the decade - a goal more than 110 nations agreed to at the COP28 talks. This non-binding commitment could end up in the final negotiated text agreed at the end of the two-week talks. © 2023 AFP Read more ...
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COP28: With a 'loss and damage' fund in place, protecting climate refugees is more urgent than ever - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · It has taken decades, but the complex and increasingly urgent issue of "climate mobility" has gradually become central to international climate negotiations. At the COP28 summit currently taking place in Dubai, there are around 25 sessions or side events devoted to the needs and rights of people and communities displaced by climate change. Day one saw a major breakthrough, with agreement on a "loss and damage" fund to compensate "particularly vulnerable" countries. While questions remain over the long-term sustainability of funding sources and how the fund will be administered, it still represents progress. But it is unclear how the fund will be integrated with the Global Stocktake ... Read more ...
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How are toxic brown carbon nitroaromatics produced in biomass smoke? - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · Biomass burning from wildfires puts large amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere every year, which are thought to convert into more light-absorbing and toxic nitroaromatics. "This is a really interesting problem and not easy to investigate," said Marcelo Guzman, a professor of chemistry at the University of Kentucky, explaining his research group publication, "Conversion of Catechol to 4-Nitrocatechol in Aqueous Microdroplets Exposed to O3 and NO2," in the journal ACS ES&T Air. It was an afternoon in late July, and Guzman was concerned because the air quality in central Kentucky had reached an unhealthy level due to the wildfire smoke drifting south from Canada. Thick ... Read more ...
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Major Antarctic glacier passed a tipping point in the last 80 years, research reveals - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica has gone through an irreversible retreat, passing a tipping point within the last 80 years, researchers have found. The paper, "Recent irreversible retreat phase of Pine Island Glacier," now published in Nature Climate Change, has appeared when world leaders gather in Dubai to debate the impacts of climate change at the COP28 conference. While numerical model simulations have been used for some time to study the behavior of glaciers and ice sheets, researchers from Northumbria University and Bangor University combined these for the first time with real-world satellite observations to identify whether a tipping point has been crossed in the ... Read more ...
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Opinion: COP28 president is wrong - science clearly shows fossil fuels must go (and fast) - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · According to the president of COP28, the latest round of UN climate negotiations in the United Arab Emirates, there is "no science" indicating that phasing out fossil fuels is necessary to restrict global heating to 1.5°C. President Sultan Al Jaber is wrong. There is a wealth of scientific evidence demonstrating that a fossil fuel phase-out will be essential for reining in the greenhouse gas emissions driving climate change. I know because I have published some of it. Back in 2021, just before the COP26 climate summit in Glasgow, my colleagues and I published a paper in Nature entitled Unextractable fossil fuels in a 1.5°C world. It argued that 90% of the world's coal and around ... Read more ...
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Protecting power grids from space weather - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · Activity from the sun, such as solar flares, can cause fluctuations in Earth's geomagnetic field that send electrical currents flowing through power grids. These geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can cause problems ranging from temporary voltage instability to widespread blackouts to reduced life spans for transformers. It is therefore important to develop effective mitigation strategies that protect against GIC-induced power disruptions while maintaining power to consumers. Suggested solutions have included installing equipment such as capacitors to block GICs and making changes to network configurations. Mac Manus and a research team worked with the energy company ... Read more ...
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Researcher: With a cruel summer ahead, why is Australia so unprepared? - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · 2023 has shattered climate records, accompanied by extreme weather that has left a trail of devastation and despair, according to the World Meteorological Organization at COP 28. Some of the most significant extreme heat events were in southern Europe and North Africa, especially in the second half of July. Temperatures in Italy reached 48.2°C, and record-high temperatures were reported in Tunis (Tunisia) 49.0°C, Agadir (Morocco) 50.4°C and Algiers (Algeria) 49.2°C. Heat-related deaths are on the rise globally. In 2019, a study in The Lancet attributed 356,000 deaths to extreme heat. A recent study puts the excess deaths due to last year's heat waves in Europe at more than 70,000. ... Read more ...
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Satellite observations reveal latitudinal variability and asymmetry in local temperature responses to land cover changes - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · Unlike the symmetric assumption of potential effects, the researchers revealed obvious asymmetries in the actual effects: LCCs with warming effects occurred more frequently, with stronger intensities, than LCCs with cooling effects. Even for the mutual changes between two covers in the same region, warming LCCs generally had larger magnitudes than their cooling counterparts. Attribution analysis indicated that the asymmetric temperature effects were caused by a combination of asymmetric changes in transition fractions and driving variables. These findings demonstrated that the increase in temperature resulting from a specific LCC cannot be counteracted by simply performing its ... Read more ...
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Saudi Arabia says 'absolutely not' to oil phase down at COP28 - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · Saudi Arabia's energy minister has slammed the door shut to agreeing to phase down fossil fuels at the UN's COP28 climate talks, setting the stage for difficult negotiations in Dubai. A tentative "phasedown/out" was included in a first draft of an agreement on climate action that delegates are haggling over during talks that are scheduled to finish on December 12. But Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, a half-brother of de facto ruler Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, told Bloomberg that Saudi Arabia, the world's biggest oil exporter, would not agree. "Absolutely not," he said in an interview in Riyadh. "And I assure you not a single person - I'm talking about governments ... Read more ...
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Sulfur-cycling microbes could lead to new possibilities in river-wetland-ocean remediation - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · Nutrient cycles such as the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur cycles are critical processes that free up elements essential to life by recycling them through our water, air, and soil. Sulfur, specifically, is an integral element in producing amino acids, vitamins, and enzymes. A recent review by scientists from Sun Yat-sen University in China looked at research done on the high sulfur cycling (s-cycling) in a river-wetland-ocean continuum (RWO), which is largely mediated by microbial communities. While sulfur itself is an important element, just as critically, its cycle can mediate the carbon and nitrogen cycles, influencing carbon sequestration and greenhouse gases. The ... Read more ...
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The short-term rain forecast system is broken. Can AI do a better job of predicting deadly floods? - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · The floods that killed 20 people in Waverly, Tennessee, and the surrounding area came with little warning. Meteorologists predicted 2 to 3 inches of rain. But 21 inches fell within the course of that August day in 2021, sweeping away cars, houses, businesses, pets and people, including 7-month-old twins. "They were not prepared at all. As a result, they could not inform people. Entire neighborhoods washed away," says Puja Das, a fourth-year Ph.D. candidate in interdisciplinary engineering at Northeastern's Sustainability and Data Sciences Lab. Now Das is working with river managers and forecasters to explore a better way to predict devastating rainstorms with the help of ... Read more ...
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Three decades of data in Bangladesh show elevated risk of infant mortality in flood-prone areas - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · A new study from researchers at UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography and UC San Francisco estimates 152,753 excess infant deaths were attributable to living in flood-prone areas in Bangladesh over the past 30 years. Additionally, across the study period, children born during rainy months faced a higher risk of death than those born in dry months. The paper is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The findings begin to unspool the long-term public health impacts of recurring environmental hazards such as flooding, wildfires, or extreme heat, many of which are becoming more common or more severe under climate change, said study co-author ... Read more ...
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Unlocking a climate puzzle: Study reveals hidden physics in quasi-linear temperature-radiation link - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · Curious about what drives Earth's climate sensitivity? A recent study in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences explores the complex links transforming the relationship between surface temperature and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from quartic to quasi-linear. Led by Dr. Jie Sun from Florida State University, this research unravels hidden mechanisms shaping our planet's climate, providing fresh insights into why the temperature and OLR relation deviates from the quartic pattern stated by the Stefan-Boltzmann law. What is the Stefan-Boltzmann law? Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere create a contrast between surface thermal emission, linked to the fourth power of surface temperature, ... Read more ...
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What happens after net zero? The impacts could play out for decades, with poorest countries still feeling the heat - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · Humanity's emissions of greenhouse gases have caused rapid global warming at a rate unprecedented in at least the past 2,000 years. Rapid global warming has been accompanied by increases in the frequency and intensity of heat extremes over most land regions in the past 70 years. While human activities cause emissions of a number of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) stands out as the leading culprit. This is because of its relatively long atmospheric lifetime and because human activities cause much higher emissions of CO2 than other greenhouse gases. To avoid reaching unsafe global temperatures, climate scientists have concluded we can't prevent continued global warming without ... Read more ...
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Why regional differences in global warming are critical - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · Tiny fossils in marine sediments verify that climate models provide accurate calculations of average ocean temperatures during the last glacial maximum around 20,000 years ago, but that the spatial distribution of simulated temperatures is too uniform and thus only partially valid for predicting future climate. A new method now shows how past climate model simulations can be better assessed. Dr. Lukas Jonkers of MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences at the University of Bremen, and his team of colleagues, have now published their results in the journal Nature Geoscience. Scientists use climate models to simulate past climate, in order to determine how and why it has ... Read more ...
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World could breach 1.5C warming threshold in 7 years: Study - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 5) |
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Dec 5 · The world may cross the crucial 1.5C global warming threshold in seven years as fossil fuel CO2 emissions continue to rise, scientists warned Tuesday, urging countries at the COP28 talks to "act now" on coal, oil and gas pollution. Battle lines are being drawn over the future of fossil fuels at the UN climate summit in Dubai, with big polluters trying to see off calls for an agreement to phase out the carbon-intensive energy responsible for most of human-caused greenhouse gas. Fossil fuel CO2 pollution rose 1.1 percent last year, according to an international consortium of climate scientists in their annual Global Carbon Project assessment, with surging emissions in China and India ... Read more ...
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'Unintended consequences': friction at COP28 over green trade - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 4) |
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Dec 4 · Inside the negotiating rooms and on the sidelines of the COP28 climate talks, simmering tensions over wealthy countries' "green trade" policies have been bubbling to the surface, with developing nations fearful they will be penalized. A particularly sore point has been the European Union's new carbon border tax, which sets a price on imported goods based on the emissions involved in creating them. While the EU deems the tax necessary to ensure everything entering the bloc meet its climate goals, powerful emerging economies at COP28 have labeled such policies as protectionist, saying they disadvantage poorer trading partners. Concerns have also been raised that these kind of climate ... Read more ...
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'Unusual' ancient graves found near Arctic, but no remains discovered inside, study says - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 4) |
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Dec 4 · Just south of the Arctic Circle, within the vast forests of northern Finland, lies a sandy field dotted with dozens of "unusual" pits. Workers stumbled upon the site, known as Tainiaro, six decades ago, and since then, its origins have remained elusive. But now, upon conducting a comprehensive analysis of the site, researchers have determined it is likely a sprawling hunter-gatherer cemetery dating back some 6,500 years, according to a study published on Dec. 1 in the journal Antiquity. "Such a large cemetery at such a high northerly latitude does not necessarily fit preconceptions about prehistoric foragers in this region," researchers affiliated with Finland's University of Oulu ... Read more ...
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Annual report shows fossil CO2 emissions at record high in 2023 - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 4) |
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Dec 4 · Global carbon emissions from fossil fuels have risen again in 2023 - reaching record levels, according to new research from the Global Carbon Project science team. The annual Global Carbon Budget projects fossil carbon dioxide (CO2 emissions of 36.8 billion metric tons in 2023, up 1.1% from 2022. The 2023 edition (the 18th annual report) was published in the journal Earth System Science Data. Fossil CO2 emissions are falling in some regions, including Europe and the U.S., but rising overall - and the scientists say global action to cut fossil fuels is not happening fast enough to prevent dangerous climate change. Emissions from land-use change (such as deforestation) are projected ... Read more ...
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British research ship crosses paths with world's largest iceberg as it drifts out of Antarctica - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 4) |
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Dec 4 · Britain's polar research ship has crossed paths with the largest iceberg in the world - a "lucky" encounter that enabled scientists to collect seawater samples around the colossal berg as it drifts out of Antarctic waters, the British Antarctic Survey said Monday. The RRS Sir David Attenborough, which is on its way to Antarctica for its first scientific mission, passed the mega iceberg known as the A23a on Friday near the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. The iceberg - equivalent to three times the size of New York City and more than twice the size of Greater London - had been grounded for more than three decades in the Weddell Sea after it split from the Antarctic's Filchner Ice ... Read more ...
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Clean energy innovation or illusion? JETP climate funds - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 4) |
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Dec 4 · They were billed as an ingenious new way of helping developing countries ditch planet-polluting coal, promising an injection of billions from wealthy governments looking for new ways to tackle carbon emissions. But are the Just Energy Transition Partnerships a major climate solution to moving away from fossil fuels in emerging economies? Or are these multi-billion dollar deals a "mirage"? Vietnam last week laid out a blueprint to transition away from coal power under its JETP deal at the COP28 climate talks in Dubai, where calls to rapidly increase renewable energy - and swiftly ditch oil, gas and coal - are dominating discussions. Here's what you need to know about the deals: What ... Read more ...
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Controversial carbon credits flood COP28, yet still no rules - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 4) |
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Dec 4 · Many different players have rushed to set up their own carbon credit rules, slowing down negotiations for a common regulatory framework, according to environmental groups. This absence of common rules has given companies free rein to engage in widely-criticized offsetting as part of a voluntary carbon credit market. At COP28, negotiators have been tasked with looking into applying Article Six of the 2015 Paris Agreement. It allows countries to cooperate on hitting their emissions-reduction targets - including by swapping carbon credits. It also envisages a reform of the global carbon credit market that has been dragging on for years. The Climate Action Network, which brings together ... Read more ...
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COP28: Health is finally on the agenda, but there's more to do as we face continued climate extremes - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 4) |
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Dec 4 · As global leaders gather in Dubai for COP28, health has finally landed firmly on the climate change agenda, with the first "health day" at the annual UN climate summit taking place yesterday (December 3). Including health in discussions on climate change has never been more important. Extreme weather threatens human health in a variety of ways, and this intersection is only getting worse as extreme weather events become more likely with climate change. Two of us (Kathryn and Arthur) attended the health day. It represents a pivotal moment for climate and health on the global stage - but there's still much work to do. How climate change affects our health The Lancet recently ... Read more ...
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Deep sea sensor reveals that corals produce reactive oxygen species - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 4) |
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Dec 4 · Just like us, corals breathe in oxygen and eat organic carbon. And just like us, as a byproduct of converting energy and oxygen in the body, corals produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), a family of chemical compounds that are naturally made by cells during cell division, while fighting off pathogens, and performing other physiological functions. But until now, it was unknown whether healthy, deep-sea corals produce a particular type of ROS, called superoxide (O2•-). Superoxide is a highly reactive ROS known for influencing ocean ecology, organisms' physiology, and driving chemistry in the ocean including the breakdown of carbon and the bioavailability of metals and nutrients. A ... Read more ...
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Exxon among 50 oil producers in controversial climate pact at COP28 - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 4) |
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Dec 4 · Exxon Mobil Corp. and Saudi Arabia's Aramco, the world's largest private and state-sector oil companies, led a pledge by 50 oil and gas producers at the COP28 climate summit to cut emissions from their own operations. The deal is controversial given none of the companies are agreeing to reduce oil and gas production. But they are planning to stem releases of methane, one of the most dangerous greenhouse gases, to near zero by 2030 and stop routine flaring of natural gas. The initiative was spearheaded by COP28 President Sultan Al Jaber, the chief executive officer of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Co., who's invested political capital bringing the oil and gas industry into the climate ... Read more ...
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How mountains affect El Niño-induced winter precipitation - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 4) |
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Dec 4 · A consideration of how mountains influence El Niño and La Niña-induced precipitation change in western North America may be the ticket to more informed water conservation planning along the Colorado River, new research suggests. The study, coinciding with a recent shift from a strong La Niña to a strong El Niño, brings a degree of precision to efforts to make more accurate winter precipitation predictions in the intermountain West by comparing 150 years of rain and snow data with historic El Niño-Southern Oscillation patterns. Overall, the analysis shows increasing winter precipitation trends in the north and decreasing trends in the south, particularly during the latter part of ... Read more ...
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In hotter regions, mammals shown to seek forests and avoid human habitats - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 4) |
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Dec 4 · For the study, the authors leveraged Snapshot U.S., a collaborative monitoring program with thousands of camera trap locations across the country. "We analyzed 150,000 records of 29 mammal species using community occupancy models," Tourani said. "These models allowed us to study how mammals respond to habitat types across their ranges while accounting for the fact that species may be in an area, but we did not record their presence because the species is rare or elusive." The study provides a pathway for conservation managers to tailor efforts to conserve and establish protected areas, as well as enhance working landscapes, like farms, pastures, and developed areas. "If we're trying ... Read more ...
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Indonesia's coal love affair still aflame despite pledges - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 4) |
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Dec 4 · "There are no more catches in the waters near the shore. We have to sail far," he told AFP. "We have been beleaguered by pollution from all directions." IESR says Indonesia should retire nine GW of coal generation by 2030 to meet its commitments under JETP. But an energy ministry study released in September proposes retiring just over half that amount by 2030. This month, PLN's chief executive Darmawan Prasodjo announced plans to build an additional 31.6 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2033. But that is expected to largely cater to growing demand, with most existing coal plants left running until the end of their lifetimes. "We will do a coal phase down, not a coal phase out," ... Read more ...
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NASA and Boeing chase jet contrails with science of climate impact in doubt - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 4) |
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Dec 4 · Scientific debate is getting heated over what to do about airplane contrails - the wispy lines of water vapor you often see trailing behind a jet. Those harmless-looking vapor trails sometimes spread out to form thin cirrus clouds. Environmental activists and nonprofits focused on climate change routinely assert contrails contribute more to global warming than the carbon dioxide emitted from jet engines. The aviation industry, under pressure to do something, has stepped up research into contrails. In October, Boeing and NASA conducted flight tests out of Everett with a NASA DC-8 research plane flying behind a 737 MAX 10 to sniff its exhaust and analyze its contrails to test if ... Read more ...
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National climate assessment offers new insights on community resilience and adaptation - PHYS.ORG - Earth (Dec 4) |
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Dec 4 · A major weather event such as a hurricane or wildfire can have lasting, visible impacts on communities, but the longer-term, compounding effects of a changing climate can be harder to see. In its contributions to the recently released Fifth National Climate Assessment (NCA5), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) highlights ways that communities can adapt and become more resilient as the climate changes. The NCA5, a congressionally mandated report by multiple U.S. government agencies, analyzes the impacts, risks and responses of global climate change in the United States, and the message is clear: Communities must adapt. To help communities make decisions to ... Read more ...
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